improvement in food production ( 10th ) extra question

Q1 Name the following:

1. Pigeon pea is a good source of................(protein)

2. Berseem is an important..................... (fodder)

3. ..................are rich in vitamins.(vegetable/fruits)

4. _________ Crops are grown in winters. (rabi)

Q2 List some important traits in improved crops.

Ans. Some of the important traits in improved crops are:

1. high yield                          
2. improved quality      
3. high resistance
4. wider adaptability            
5. desirable agronomic traits

Q3 Why is excess use of fertilizers detrimental for environment?

Ans.Excess use of fertilizers has many bad effects like:

1. salination of soil     2. eutrophication   3. excess minerals in crop plants

Q4 Give one word:

1. growing of wheat and groundnut in the same field .(mixed cropping)

2. xanthium and parthenium are called.(weeds)

3. causal organism of any disease is called.(pathogen)

4. Farming without the use of chemicals. (organic farming)

5. planting of soyabean and maize in alternate rows in the same field .(intercropping)

Q5 Define hybridization.

Ans. Crossing of two individuals with different useful traits in order to bring them together in a 
progeny.The new organism thus obtained is called a hybrid and has better characters as compared to 
either of the parents.

Q6 What is vermicompost?


Ans. It is a manure rich in pulverized organic matter and worm castings.It is prepared 
using earthworms. It is a quicker method of composting. Earth worms are seperarted and 
the Compost is ready for use.

Q7 Explain the term bio fertilizers.

Ans. Living organisms like nitrogen fixing bacteria, blue green algae and minerals 
solubilising bacteria are called bio fertilizers. Eg. Blue green bacteria,( nostoc, anabaena etc.)

Q8 Name two varieties of Indian fish

Ans. Fresh water  :  catla, rohu    

        Marine fish   : hilsa , sardine

Q9 Name two indigenous and two exotic breeds of poultry.

Ans.    Indigenous  : aseel, basra

          Exotic          : rhode Island Red, white leghom

Q10 What are advantages of composite fish culture?

Ans.Composite fish culture is the practice of growing 5 to 6 species of fish in the same Fish tank. It 
includes the use of surface feeders, middle zone feeder and bottom Feeder.

It has the following advantages:

1. no competition for food or space.

2. proper utilization of food

3. fish yield is high.

Q11 Name two exotic breeds of cows

1. holstein- friesian      2. brown swiss 

Q12 Define broiler

Ans. Chickens which are about 7-8 weeks of age and are raised for meat.

Q13 What is roughage?

Ans. It’s a course and fibrous substance which has low nutrient content .e.g. fodder,hay and straw

Q14 Name some symptoms of sick animals:

Ans,If an animal is sick, it shows following symptoms:

1. inactive          2. look tired          3. remain isolated    4. low yield

Q15 Define animal husbandry.

Ans Branch of agriculture which deals with the feeding, shelter, health and breeding domestic 
 animals is called animal husbandry.

Q16. Define Mixed cropping

Ans. The technique of growing two or more different crops together in same field is  Called mixed 
cropping. Eg. Ragi and gram, maize and urad bean etc.

Q17. Define intercropping.

Ans. Growing   two or more crops simultaneously in different strips in a same field in definite row 
pattern is called intercropping. Eg. Soyabean,maize, cow pea.

Q18. Define crop rotation

Ans. Growing different crops on the same piece of land in a pre planned succession  Is called crop 
rotation. Eg rice- wheat.

Q19. What is biological pest control?

Ans. In this method, some birds, insects etc are deliberately put in the affected field. They destoy the 
pests in the field.

Q20. What are weeds and why are they unwanted?

Ans. The plants which grow along with the cultivated crop are called weeds. They are  Unwanted as 
they compete with the main crop for nutrient, space, sunlight etc.

Q21. What are layers?

Ans. Hens raised for egg production are called layers. They start laying eggs at the age of 20 weeks.

Q22. What is mariculture?

Ans. Culture of marine fin fish,shell fish and sea weeds is called mariculture.  Mariculture is growing rapidly as the demand for fish is increasing while the  Stock is declining due to excessive exploitation from sea.

Q23. Why are Italian bee varieties preferred?

Ans: They are preferred as:       a)They are gentle in nature. 

b) They have good honey collection capacity.  c) They have less swarming activity.

Q24. What are concentrates?

Ans. The concentrates are rich in nutrients with very little fibrous or cellulose matter. They are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins. Eg oil cakes, grains etc.

Q25. What is culture fishery?

Ans. It is cultivating , rearing and harvesting of fish. It is also called fish farming. Or pisciculture. The growing of various types of aquatic organisms in water bodies is called aquaculture.

1. State one demerit with composite fish culture system. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: fish breed only during monsoon and lack of availability of good quality seeds

2. State one importance of photoperiod in agriculture. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: photoperiod in agriculture provide adequate light for flowering

3. Name one micronutrient and one macronutrient which plants take from the soil. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Macronutrients are: Calcium (Ca) , Magnesium (Mg)

Micronutrients  are: Boron (B)  Chloride (Cl)

4. List two desirable traits for fodder crops.[2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Tallness and profused branching are the desired characteristics for producing a higher yield of 
fodder crops.

5. Distinguish between a mullet and a prawn. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Mullet is a type of fish while prawn is a crustacean. Both live in water and serve as a food 
supplement worldwide. prawn belongs to group arthropoda whereas mullet belongs to group pisces. so you can use their characteristic features to distinguish between the two

6. Name two breeds of cows selected for long  lactation period. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: After giving the birth of a calf ,a cow secretes milk.the duration of milk secretion of a cow that 
is the period of time till which the cow secretes milk is known as lactation period.brownswiss and 
jersey are selected for their long lactation period.

7. How does Bombay duck differ from common carp ? [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Bombay duck is a marine fish, while common carp is a fresh water fish.

8. How does catla differ from mrigal? [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Catla belongs to genus Catla while mrigal belongs to genus Cirrhinus

9. Name the two vitamins which are added in the poultry feed. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: vitamins A and K

10. From where do plants acquire the following nutrients? [2010 (T-I)] (a) Nitrogen (b) Hydrogen

Ans:  (a) Nitrogen  from soil       (b) Hydrogen from water

11. State the reason of introducing Italian bee variety in bee farms. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: An Italian bee variety, A. mellifera, has also been brought in to increase yield of honey.

12. Mention any two activities for the improvement of crop yield. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: The major activities for improving crop yields  are :

• Crop variety improvement

• Crop production improvement

• Crop protection management.

13. Which nutrients are supplied by cereals and pulses ? [2010 (T-I)]

Ans:  carbohydrate and protein.are supplied by cereals and pulses respectively,

14. Name two fresh initiatives taken to increase the water availability for agriculture. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Two new irrigation systems have been developed to save water and increase the availability of 
water to the crops. These are:

1) Drip irrigation system: Here, water is supplied to the roots of the plants directly in a drop wise 
manner. This prevents unnecessary wastage of water.

2) Sprinkler system: Here water is sprinkled over the crops like it happens in rain. So, water is 
absorbed by the soil in a better way.

15. Mention any two advantages of using Italian bee variety in honey production. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: The Italian bees have high honey collection capacity. They sting somewhat less. They stay in a 
given beehive for long periods, and breed very well.

16. Name any two weeds of crop field. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Xanthium (gokhroo), Parthenium (gajar ghas),Cyperinus rotundus (motha).

17. Define animal husbandry. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Animal husbandry is the management and care of farm animals by humans for profit

18. What are genetically modified crop? [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: GM (Genetically modified) crops   are the crops in which a gene from some other organism may be another plant or a microorganism is inserted into the plant to get desired characteristic such as disease resistance, response to fertilizers, product quality and high yields. For example:   Cotton, 
Maize, Papaya, Soybean, Sugarbeet, Squash   , etc.

19. Mention the components of food present in vegetable and fruits. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Vegetables, spices and fruits provide a range  of vitamins and minerals in addition to small 
amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.

20. Name the cereals which provide us carbohydrate for energy requirement. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Cereals such as wheat, rice, maize, millets and sorghum provide us carbohydrate for energy 
requirement.

21. Give technical term for milk producing females and farm labour animals. [2010 (T-I)]

Ans: Milk-producing females are called milch animals (dairy animals), while the ones used for farm  labour are called draught animals

22. Why do we eat pea and groundnut? [2010 (T-I)]

Ans:  pea (arhar) provide us protein where as  ground nut provide us with necessary fats.

23. Mention two examples of mixed cropping.

Ans: Some combinations of mixed cropping are :-

Wheat and Mustard

Maize and urad (pulse)

Groundnut and sunflower

24. Name two factors responsible for losses of grains during storage?

Ans: Factors responsible for such losses are biotic— insects, rodents, fungi, mites and bacteria, and abiotic- inappropriate moisture and temperatures in the place of storage.

25. (a)Name an exotic variety of honey bee grown in India. (b) What is called the rearing of fish on a 
large scale?

Ans: (a)Pisciculture        (b) Apis Cerana indica

26. Name two exotic cattle breed with long lactation period? [2014 (T-I)]

Ans: the period of milk production after the birth of a calf is called lactation period. Jersey and 
Brown Swiss are two exotic cattle breed having long lactation period.

27.  In what way boilers, feed is different from layers? [2014 (T-I)]

Ans: Broilers feed is protein rich with adequate fat. The level of vitamins A and K is kept high in the 
poultry feeds.

28. Which one boiler or layers mature earlier? [2014 (T-I)]

Ans: Broilers have fast growth rate

29 What type of shelter is provided to boiler and layers? [2014 (T-I)]

Ans: Broilers do not require much space and lighting

30. Mention the preventive and control measure used before grain are stored? [2014 (T-I)]

Ans: cleaning of the produce before storage, proper drying of the produce first in sunlight and then in 
shade, and fumigation using chemicals that can kill pests.

31. List two biotic and abiotic factor each that responsible for grain loss?[2014 (T-I)]

Ans: Factors responsible for grain losses are biotic— insects, rodents, fungi, mites and bacteria, and 

abiotic— inappropriate moisture and temperatures in the place of storage.